Rohtas Fort, located near the city of Jhelum in the Punjab province of Pakistan, is a historic military fort that holds significant cultural and historical importance. Here is a brief overview of the history of Rohtas Fort:
Construction Period (1541-1543):
Rohtas Fort was commissioned by the Afghan king Sher Shah Suri in the 16th century. Sher Shah Suri, who ruled over the Indian subcontinent from 1540 to 1545, ordered the construction of the fort to block the return of the Mughal emperor Humayun, who was in exile at the time. The fort was strategically located to control the G.T. Road (Grand Trunk Road), which was a major route in that period.
Purpose and Design:
The primary purpose of Rohtas Fort was military defense. Its construction aimed to serve as a stronghold against the return of the Mughals and to suppress the local Gakhar tribes who were hostile to Sher Shah's rule. The fort is known for its strong defensive features, including thick defensive walls, bastions, and imposing gates.
Architectural Features:
Rohtas Fort is an excellent example of military architecture of the 16th century. It covers a vast area and has 12 gates, with the main entrance being the Sohail Gate. The fortifications include large walls reinforced with massive buttresses and a series of watchtowers. The fort also houses several Baolis (step-wells) to ensure a water supply during times of siege.
Post-Construction Period:
After the death of Sher Shah Suri in 1545, his son and successor, Islam Shah, maintained control over the fort. However, the Mughals eventually regained power, and Humayun's son, Emperor Akbar, took control of Rohtas Fort in 1555.
Later History:
Rohtas Fort lost its military significance over time, and subsequent rulers did not use it for strategic purposes. It became more of a historical and cultural site. In the colonial period, the British used the fort as a camp during the Second Afghan War.
Recognition as UNESCO World Heritage Site:
In 1997, Rohtas Fort was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its cultural and historical significance. It represents a unique blend of military and architectural elements from the 16th century and stands as a testament to the political and military history of the region.
Today, Rohtas Fort attracts tourists and history enthusiasts who admire its impressive architecture and historical importance.
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